Halong – an ecological biodiversity
Ha long is a concentration of most of the tropical ecosystems: mangroves, coral reefs, seaweeds, tropical green forests, ect. In addition, Ha Long has a distinctive ecosystem of Tung ang (enclosed)
Within the sea areas of Ha Long, coral grows everywhere ar a depth between 5m to 10m but mainly concentrated offshore in the East and North. There are about 170 coral species of 44 families of 12 genera. They are classified into two categories: branch-and fan-shaped. Coral forests in Ha Long are wonderful ecosystems, alga, Zooplankton, phytoplankton and at least 107 species of fish.
Ha Long’ mangroves are abundant: typical species include vet, du, hrned mangrove, peg-rooted mangrove not ital and quan. They are the habitat of many animals: migrant and semi-migrant birds (37 species), zoobenthos (81 species), fish (90 species of 55 genera). Some are of high economic value, such as oysters, clams, sandworms and crustacean.
In the tropical green forests, researchers have found seven species of plants which are uniquely adapted to the living conditions on the limestone islands of Ha Long bay. They are Ha Long fern-palm, violet chirita, Ha Long palm, Woolly chiria, Ha Long thick-stemmed balsam, ha Long sarsaparilla and the yellow-slipper orchid.
Moreover, ha Long has a system of small Tung ang letting out on the Eastern Sea. This is the habitat od numerous animals and plants such as seaweed, alga, shrimps, crabs, fish and squid.
Ha Long’s biodiversity consists of two major ecosystems: tropical rain-green forests and coastal marine ecosystem.
It is almost impossible to list all the plants growing on the islands in ha Long bay. The number is estimated at several thousands of species. Some societies of different plants have been found such as those growing in mangroves, in coastal sand grounds of the islands, on the mountain walls and cliffs, on the peaks, at the grottos’ entrance or in the ravines.
Scientists have classified 477 species of magnolia, 12 species of fern and 20 species of mangrove of amphibians, eight species of reptiles, 40 species of birds and 14 species of mammals.
In Ha Long bay and its surrounding areas, there are 20 species of mangrove plants. However, the mangroves in Ha Long are also the habitat of different creatures, generating high levels of eco-productivity. According to research by the Hai Phong institute of Oceanography, there are 169 species of polchaetes, 16 species of alga, 90 species of fish, 200 species of birds, 5 species of reptiles and 6 other species.
Ha Long coral reefs are inhabited by 81 species of peapods, 130 species of bivalvias, 55 species of polychaetes and 57 species of crabs. They are also a high-productivity ecosystem and a filter to clarify water. In the grottos, caves and open or closed lakes located on the islands, there ate 65 species of carals, 40 species of zoobenthos, 18 species of seaweed and four rare species listed in the Red Book.
Ha Long has only five species of sea grass. The carpets of sea grass provide accommodation for various species, dampen waves and absorb organic substances to clarify sea water. The residents here include 17 species of seaweed, 41 species of zoobentrhos, 29 species of mollusks and 9 species of crustaceans.
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